This guide details the 9 critical physical property tests essential for assessing leather quality: Tensile Strength, Tear Strength, Abrasion Resistance, Thickness, Water Vapor Permeability, Water Resistance, Shrinkage Temperature, Color Fastness to Friction, and Bending Strength. It covers the testing scope (natural leather, synthetic leather, finished products, semi-finished goods) and introduces specialized testing equipment required for each method (e.g., Universal Testing Machine, Elmendorf