Gester Instruments | Professional Textile, Footwear and PPE Testing Equipments Manufacturers Since 1997
Test methods and procedures for rubbing fastness1
1. Purpose and Scope A. This method is used to determine the extent to which color is transferred from the surface of dyed textiles to other surfaces by means of friction. Applicable to all textiles composed of various fibers; B. A small square white rubbing cloth (dry and wet) is used for this test; C. Because soaping, dry cleaning, shrinking, ironing, finishing and other processes can affect The degree of color transfer of the material, so this method must be tested before or after treatment. 2. Principle a. The dyed sample is rubbed with a white rubbing cloth under fixed conditions; b. The degree of color transfer to the white cloth is evaluated by the AATCC stained gray scale; 3. Definition: slightly 4. Safety rules : Slightly 5. Equipment and materials: A. AATCC friction device B. White friction cloth (5cm x 5cm) C. AATCC color transfer ruler D. Stained gray ruler E. White AATCC textile wet ink paper F. Sample holder 6. Calibration A. Accuracy surveys of test methods and equipment must be carried out on a regular basis and the results stored. In order to prevent incorrect results, the following observations and sampling actions are important; B. Use a piece of cloth with poor rubbing fastness as a proofing sample, and conduct three dry rubbing tests; (1) A very poor The circular image has uneven dye adhesion, and the rubbing finger needs to be polished at this time; (2) an overlapping elongated image indicates that the fastener is beginning to loosen; (3) a shrinking or bar-shaped rubbing image indicates possible The rubbing cloth is placed on the rubbing fingers diagonally; (4) If there is a rubbing mark on the sample, it means that the fastener is placed too low; (5) If there is a straight line in the middle of the rubbing image and the same as the rubbing direction , which means that the metal friction bottom is uneven, and the friction bottom needs to be rearranged at this time; (6) If a cover is used, after covering the cover with the sample, move the front end of the friction finger to observe whether it touches the edge, and if so, move forward (7) Confirm whether the moisture absorption rate reaches the standard; (8) If the friction sandpaper is too smooth or the sample slips on the top, the sandpaper needs to be replaced; (9) The calibration work is very important; 7. Test sample: I. Two rubbing cloths (one dry and one wet). Note: If you want to take the average of multiple tests to improve the accuracy, you need to use more friction cloth; II. Cut out at least 5cm x 13cm colored cloth and put it on the machine, the long side should be perpendicular to the horizontal grain (knitted cloth) 8. Conditioning Before the test, condition the colored cloth and rubbing cloth according to ASTMD1776 for at least 4 hours, condition 20±10C, 65±1%RH (relative humidity) 9. Steps: a. Dry rubbing: Lay the color cloth flat on the bottom of the rub, and cover it with a cover to prevent sliding. Place the white rubbing cloth on the rubbing finger parallel to the rubbing direction, and put on the fastness holder. Put down the rubbing finger at the front end, shake the handle for 10 revolutions (1 revolution/second), and remove the rubbing cloth (note: if there is wool yarn or short fiber, it must be removed with transparent tape) b. Wet rubbing: first rub the white Wet it completely with distilled water, then take it out and put it into AATCC wet ink paper, and reach the final moisture absorption rate of 65 by hand or a small pressure cylinder±5% (note: to prevent water evaporation from affecting the moisture absorption rate), then test according to the dry rub method, and finally dry at room temperature. c. Condition according to ASTM D 1776 before rating. 10. Rating: Use AATCC stained gray scale or color transfer ruler to evaluate the stain on the white rubbing cloth (note: if it is the average value of multiple tests, take 1 decimal place to express) 11. Report a. Indicate whether it is a dry friction test or a wet friction test; b. Report the rating results; c. Indicate whether it is a stained gray scale or AATCC color transfer scale for grading; d. Indicate what kind of treatment before or after treatment; 10 2. Accuracy and deviation: slightly 13. Remarks: a. If it is a carpet, it must be tested with AATCC165; b. AATCC friction device is to imitate the movement of human fingers and forearms; c. AATCC friction device is designed to rub fingers (diameter 1.6cm ) back and forth, each time a distance of 10.4±0.3cm, pressure 9N±10%d. Standard rubbing cloth specification fiber: 100% 10.3~16.8mm combed cotton; desizing, bleaching, no brightener or post-treatment material; yarn: 1.5 tex (tex) [40S/1 cotton] twist : 5.9 turns/cm [backhand twist (Z twist)] Fabric density: Warp 32±3/cm, fiber yarn 33±3/cm weave: 1/1 plain weave ph value: 7±0.5 weight: 100±3g/m2 whiteness: W=80±2 (measured by AATCC 110 method)
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1. ISO 5402-1: Specifies the flexometer method for testing leather flex resistance under repeated bending.
2. ISO 17694: Defines test methods for footwear upper and lining flex resistance, simulating real-world bending stress to assess long-term durability.
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