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An introduction to the basic properties of fabrics
1. Strength properties (1) The tensile strength and elongation at break of the fabric: When the fabric is subjected to a large tensile force during the wearing process, it will produce tensile fracture. The tensile force of the fabric when it is broken by force is called the breaking strength; the percentage of the deformation produced when the fabric is broken and the original length ratio is called the breaking elongation. The tensile fracture properties of fabrics are determined by the properties of the fibers, the structure of the yarns, the weave of the fabrics, and the processing after dyeing and finishing. (2) Tear strength of the fabric: During the wearing process of the garment, the yarn on the fabric will be caught by foreign objects and break, or the fabric will be partially clamped and then pulled in half and torn in half. This damage to the fabric The phenomenon is called tearing or tearing. A few days ago, in the test of resin-finished cotton fabrics and other chemical fiber fabrics, there is a project to assess the tear strength of fabrics. The factors affecting the tear strength of the fabric are different from the tensile properties. The tear performance is also related to the interlacing resistance of the yarn in the fabric. Therefore, the tear strength of the plain weave fabric is the smallest, the square weave fabric is the largest, and the satin and Twill weave is in between. The tear performance of the fabric can reflect the style characteristics of the fabric such as looseness and firmness to a certain extent. (3) Bursting strength of the fabric: The fabric is partially damaged under the load perpendicular to the plane of the fabric, which is called bursting or bursting. Burst is related to the phenomenon of elbow arching and knee arching of clothing fabrics, which is also similar to the stress of gloves and socks. Burst test can provide the characteristic information of multi-directional strength and elongation of fabrics, especially suitable for knitted fabrics, three-way fabrics, non-woven fabrics and parachute fabrics. It is stipulated in the national standard that the capping test shall be carried out with a marble or pneumatic capping tester. The test indicators are burst strength and burst elongation. 2. Wear resistance During wearing and use, the fabric will be damaged by various frictions. The wear resistance of the fabric is called wear resistance. Abrasion is one of the main reasons for the damage of clothing fabrics, and its influencing factors are still the properties of the fibers, the structure of the yarn, the fabric structure and the processing after dyeing and finishing. 3. Heat resistance In the process of processing and use, wearing fabrics often encounter various heat effects, such as dyeing, heat setting, washing, ironing, drying, etc. After the fabric is heated, its strength will generally decrease. The degree of reduction varies with temperature, time and fiber type. The ability of a fabric to maintain its physical and mechanical properties at high temperatures is called heat resistance. With the increase of temperature, fabrics gradually show changes in physical and chemical properties, until natural fibers and regenerated fibers are decomposed, carbonized or synthetic fibers soften and melt under high temperature. 4. Light resistance During use and storage, the fabric will be oxidized due to the combined effect of sunlight and atmosphere, which will gradually deteriorate the performance and reduce the strength, resulting in loss of use value. This phenomenon is called wearing fabric“Ageing’. The performance of wearing fabrics against weathering is called weather resistance, and the performance against light and sunlight is called light resistance. Lightfastness is very important for garments that are often used in the open air. 5. Chemical resistance The ability of the fabric to resist various chemicals is called the chemical resistance of the fabric. The processes of washing, decontamination, dyeing, bleaching, etc. have an important influence on this performance, because in these processes, the fabrics will be exposed to different degrees of acids, alkalis and chemicals such as oxidants and bleaches. The fabrics treated with medicines will also have a certain impact on human health.
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