Comparative analysis of different test methods for color fastness to rubbing

At present, the international standards for testing color fastness to rubbing mainly include ISO 105-X12: 2001 'Textiles - Color Fastness Test - Part X12: Color Fastness to Rubbing', my country's national standard GB/T3920—1997 Colorfastness to Rubbing of Textiles Colorfastness Test, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Standard AATCC 8—2004 'Color fastness to rubbing: AATCC test method for color fastness to rubbing' and Japanese Industrial Standard JIS L 0849: 2004 'Test method for color fastness to rubbing'. 1. The mechanism of color fastness to rubbing Color fastness to rubbing refers to the ability of dyed fabrics to maintain the original color or state under the action of the outside world. The test method is to use a standard dry or wet white cloth to rub against the dyed fabric sample according to the specified conditions, and to compare and evaluate the staining degree on the white cloth with the standard gray staining sample card, that is, the dye molecules and colored fiber particles are affected by external force. The degree of transfer to the white cloth through interfacial contact under the action. To evaluate the color fastness to rubbing of the dyed fabrics (grade), grade 1 is the worst and grade 5 is the best. It can be seen from the test process that the color fastness to rubbing of dyed fabrics reflects the degree of transfer of dye molecules and their attachments (such as: dyed staple fibers) on the dyed fabrics to the test white cloth through interfacial contact when subjected to external force. this essence. After the fabric is dyed or printed, although the dye is bound to the fiber through chemical bonds or hydrogen bonds, van der Waals force, but due to the difference in the concentration of dye molecules between the dyed fabric to be tested and the white cloth tested, the dye molecules vary from high concentration to low concentration. concentration-diffusion transfer“power”, When there is no external force, the dye molecules are bound by chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces, and the transfer amount is very small, which is not enough to cause human feeling (vision); but if subjected to a certain external force (such as friction), The kinetic energy of the transfer of dye molecules increases, which is enough to overcome the bond energy between the dye and the fiber, so that the amount of dye molecules transferred to the white cloth on the dyed fabric increases significantly, and finally the white cloth is stained with color. In general, the same tested sample has a worse color fastness to wet rubbing than its color fastness to dry rubbing. The reason is that some water-soluble dyes or dyes with a certain affinity with water molecules, their chemical bonding energy with fibers will be reduced due to the presence of water, which is conducive to the detachment and transfer of dye molecules, resulting in“The color fastness to wet rubbing of the same tested sample is worse than its color fastness to dry rubbing”this result. Often for the same dyed fabric, the dry rubbing fastness can reach grade 4-5, and the wet rubbing fastness can be difficult to reach grade 2-3. 2. Comparison of different test methods and results The color fastness to rubbing is tested on a rubbing color fastness tester. Fix the standard rubbing white cloth (dry or wet) on the rubbing head, and under the action of a certain pressure, operate the dyed fabric according to the specified rubbing times and rubbing strokes. After the sample is dry, use a standard stained gray sample card to evaluate the staining degree of the rubbed white cloth under a standard light source. The comparison of different test methods and test results is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the test parameters such as the type of standard rubbing white cloth, the moisture content of the white cloth, the temperature, humidity, vertical pressure, friction stroke, friction direction, and number of times of friction have certain influence on the test results. Influence, for the same sample, the data obtained by different rubbing color fastness test methods will have a difference of 0.5 to 1.0 grades. If we only look at the test results (levels), the data measured by the other three standards are basically the same except that the results measured by the Japanese JIS standard are relatively low by 0.5 to 1.0. To determine whether the color fastness to rubbing of textiles is qualified, it is also necessary to rely on the limit value of color fastness to rubbing of each country or both parties in a trade contract. Most of my country's clothing product standards stipulate that the color fastness to dry rubbing of clothing fabrics (first-class products) should generally reach grade 3-4, and the color fastness to wet rubbing should reach grade 3 (dark products can be half a grade lower); and For export products, the color fastness to wet rubbing is generally required to reach level 3 or above. 3. Conclusion There is a certain difference between the values ​​of color fastness to rubbing measured by the test methods of different organizations or national standards. Although there is only a difference of 0.5 to 1.0, the color fastness to rubbing is qualified or not. important. In addition, there are certain differences between the test methods and limit values ​​of color fastness to rubbing in various countries, which requires us to pay attention to the requirements of the target market in the trade contract when testing the color fastness to rubbing of textiles. The detection method and its limit value should be tested and evaluated strictly in accordance with the test method and limit value required by the target market, so as to prevent the phenomenon that the domestic test is qualified but the foreign test fails. More about rubbing fastness tester: http://www.standard-groups.com/TextileGarment/
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