Fujian Institute of Materials Research has made progress in the synthesis of air electrode electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries
In recent years, the exploration and development of green energy has led to the research of a series of energy conversion and storage devices including zinc-air batteries (ZAB). ZAB uses an aqueous electrolyte and has the advantages of small size, high energy density, and low cost. It is considered to be an important technical direction for electric energy conversion and energy storage, and has broad prospects in future energy applications. During the charge-discharge process of ZAB, the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the air electrode are slow, and a large overpotential is required to cause voltage loss, which becomes the core problem restricting the performance of zinc-air batteries. A series of single-atom catalysts (M-NHC, M=Fe, Co, Ni) have been designed and synthesized by Rong Cao and Minna Cao, researchers at the Fujian Institute of the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The performance of Fe-NHC in zinc-air batteries was tested. showed higher power density, energy density and stability than commercial catalysts. The catalyst uses the rod-like supramolecules obtained by self-assembly of macrocyclized six-membered cucurbit rings (CB[6]) as carbon precursors, and is synthesized by a simple pyrolysis method after uniformly mixing with inexpensive metal salts. In the synthesis process, with the help of the inherent pore structure inside the cucurbit ring supramolecular self-assembly, a porous N-doped carbon support with a hierarchical micro-mesoporous structure can be prepared without adding a template agent or complicated post-processing process, realizing effective anchoring. It has more efficient mass transfer and electron transfer functions while determining metal single atoms. When assembled into a Zn-air battery, Fe-NHC can achieve a power density of 157 mW/cm2, which is much higher than the 120 mW/cm2 of the commercially available Pt/C and Ir/C hybrid catalysts. During the discharge test at 10 mA/cm2, Fe-NHC was able to sustain for up to 60 hours, while the commercial noble metal catalyst showed severe voltage loss after 4 hours. This work provides an inexpensive, efficient and stable air electrode electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries by a facile method, and also provides a new strategy for the synthesis of single-atom catalysts by a template-free method.
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