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Main test methods for the burning performance of textiles
There are many flame retardant testing methods. Almost all countries have their own national standards. Different types of fabrics have different testing methods. Some fabrics can also use different testing methods to evaluate their flame retardant performance. Traditionally, it can be divided into vertical method, 45° inclination method, and horizontal method according to the different placement of fabric samples. The most commonly used test methods are now introduced: vertical method, 45° tilt method, horizontal method and limited oxygen index method. 1. Vertical method 1. Principle This test method stipulates that the sample is placed vertically (the length direction of the sample is perpendicular to the horizontal line), the combustion source is below the sample to ignite the sample, and the minimum ignition time and continuous combustion time of the sample are measured , Flame retardant time, flame spread speed, carbonized length (damage length), carbonized area (damaged area) and other indicators related to flame retardant performance, and based on this, the flame retardant performance level of the sample or whether it is qualified. 2. Main test standards (Table 5) Country standard number Standard name Applicable scope Remarks US 16CRFpart1615: 2003 flammability test method for children's pajamas. Suitable for children's pajamas and accessories of different sizes. 16CRFpart1616: 2003 European BSENISO6940 flammability of textile fabrics: determination of the flammability of vertical samples. Suitable for fabrics such as clothing, curtains and curtains, including single-layer or multi-layer fabric components. Burning properties of BSENISO6941 textile fabrics: determination of flame spread of vertical specimens. Japan JISL1091-1999 Test A-4 Method for the Burning Performance of Textiles. Suitable for woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, coated products, laminated products, etc. China GB/T5455-1997 Textile Burning Performance Test: Vertical Method. Suitable for flame-retardant woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, coated products, laminated products, etc. Non-equivalent Japanese method JISL1091. GB/T5456-1997 Textile Burning Performance Vertical Direction—Determination of Flame Spread Performance of Samples. Suitable for single-component or multi-component (coating, quilting, multilayer, sandwich products and similar combinations) clothing, curtains, valances and large tents including awnings and door covers. Equivalently adopts ISO6941A-4 method. 2. 45° Inclination Method 1. Principle This test method stipulates that the sample is placed at an angle of 45° (the length of the sample is at a 45° angle to the horizontal), and the combustion source is on the upper or lower surface below the sample to ignite the sample (Some methods are specified as the upper surface, and some methods are specified as the lower surface), measuring the time required for the sample to burn up a certain distance, or measuring the continuous combustion and flame retardant time after the sample is burned, the flame spread speed, and carbonization Length (damaged length), carbonized area (damaged area), or the number of times the sample needs to be exposed to the flame when it burns to a certain distance from the lower end of the sample, and other indicators related to the flame retardant performance, and based on this, the flame retardant performance level of the sample or Eligibility. 2. Main test standards (Table 6) Country Standard Number Standard Name Applicable Scope Remarks US 16CRFpart1610 Flammability Test Method for Wearing Fabrics. Suitable for clothing products. Japan JISL1091-1999 textile burning performance test. The A1 method is suitable for light and thin textiles. The A2 method is suitable for heavy fabrics. China GB/T14644-1993 Textile Burning Performance Measurement of Burning Rate in 45° Direction. Suitable for clothing textiles. The 16CRFpart1610 test method is the same. GB/T14645-1993 Textile combustion performance 45° direction, damage area and flame number determination. A method of all kinds of textile fabrics. Method B is suitable for melt-burning fabrics. 3. Horizontal method 1. Principle Ignite a horizontally placed sample, measure the spreading distance and time of the flame on the sample, and use the burning rate to characterize the flame retardancy of the fabric. 2. Main test standards (Table 7) Country standard number Standard name Applicable scope Remarks Japanese JISL1091-1999 Textile Burning Performance Test: Method A3. It is suitable for carpets and bedding fabrics and other heavy fabrics. Place the sample horizontally, ignite below the center of the sample, and measure the carbonized area of u200bu200bthe sample. China FZ/T01028-1993 Determination of the Burning Properties of Textile Fabrics: Horizontal Method. Suitable for all kinds of textile fabrics. Place the sample horizontally, ignite at the edge of the sample, and measure the flame spread rate. 4. Limiting oxygen index method (LOI method) 1. Principle Place the sample under the specified test conditions and determine the minimum oxygen concentration required to maintain its continuous combustion in the oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas flow, expressed as a percentage . 2. Main test standards (Table 8) Country standard number Standard name Applicable scope European ISO4589 plastics are tested for their flammability by limiting oxygen index. Suitable for high polymer materials such as rubber, plastic and fiber. Japan's JISK7201 plastic measures its flammability through the limiting oxygen index. China GB/T5454-1997 Textile Burning Performance Test Oxygen Index Method. Suitable for various types of textiles (including single-component or multi-component), such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, coated fabrics, laminated fabrics, composite fabrics, carpets, etc. (including flame-retardant treatment and non-woven fabrics) Processed).
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1. ISO 5402-1: Specifies the flexometer method for testing leather flex resistance under repeated bending.
2. ISO 17694: Defines test methods for footwear upper and lining flex resistance, simulating real-world bending stress to assess long-term durability.
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The Heat Contact Machine GT-C101 is a specialized testing instrument designed for evaluating the heat resistance and thermal protective performance of gloves, protective clothing, and other heat-resistant materials used in high-temperature environments. In industries such as smelting, casting, welding, and glass manufacturing, workers are frequently exposed to intense heat, making accurate testing of contact heat resistance essential for ensuring safety and compliance.
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