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The state supports 2 billion Tibetan cultural preservation: introducing advanced instruments and other scientific and technological forces
Recently, the National Conference on Aid to Tibet and the National Conference of Cultural Relics Directors were held in Lhasa. How to better protect and utilize Tibetan cultural relics has become a focus issue. According to statistics, there are 4,277 immovable cultural relics in Tibet, including 55 national key cultural relics protection units. The thangkas, murals and ancient books preserved in the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Drepung Temple and other palaces and temples are important resources for the protection of Tibetan cultural relics. How can these cultural relics and ancient books be protected and“live”Get up? Tibet has introduced advanced instruments and other technologies to rejuvenate cultural relics. Find out the family background and increase investment In a studio of the Potala Palace, the staff member Chen Nima will“Stone blue forged embroidered zibaza pattern armor”Unfold it, measure its length and width, stack it neatly and then weigh it. Colleagues on the side keep recording the data on the computer.“This is a set of uniforms worn by the first-grade military attachés of the Tibetan local government in the Qing Dynasty.”Chen Nima said.“In the past three months, more than 2,000 thangkas have been counted and graded according to their age, degree of completeness and quality.”Gongga Tashi, deputy director of the Potala Palace Management Office, said that these ancient cultural relics and ancient books not only have detailed paper materials, but also complete image files. At present, the Potala Palace has sorted out 100,000 cultural relics and ancient books, including 60,000 rare ancient books and 40,000 Buddha statues, thangkas, and instruments. According to Ngawang Qunzeng, the executive deputy director of the Drepung Monastery Management Committee, the cultural relics in the Drepung Monastery are mainly Thangkas, scriptures, porcelain, and Buddha statues. In addition, the state invested more than 70 million yuan to protect and maintain the temple's architecture and murals. since“Ninety-five”Since 380 million yuan was invested in the maintenance of the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka during the period, the central government has invested nearly 3 billion yuan in the protection of cultural relics in Tibet in the past 20 years, and carried out more than 300 rescue maintenance and protection projects.“Twelve Five”During the period, the state allocated funds of 1.009 billion yuan to start construction on 46 important historical sites and public cultural facilities.“‘Thirteenth Five’During this period, the special funds invested by the state in Tibetan cultural relics will be doubled, with a total of no less than 2 billion yuan.”Liu Yuzhu, a member of the party group of the Ministry of Culture and director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, said. Respect for Tradition and Introduce Science and Technology In the protection of cultural relics, Tibet pays great attention to the protection and maintenance of cultural relics. Samye Monastery, located in Zhanang County, Shannan, was built in the 8th century AD and has the style of early Han, Tibetan and Indian architecture. During the maintenance of the construction site, more than 300 farmers and herdsmen held wooden sticks with cobblestone piers at the bottom, sang labor chants, and beat the roof rhythmically. This is the unique Tibetan architectural craftsmanship——“hit aga”. The third phase of the maintenance project of Samye Monastery started in April this year, with a total investment of 11 million yuan, focusing on restoring traditional craftsmanship to the Wuzi Hall.“In the 1980s, the third floor of the Wuzi Hall was repaired with cement. This repair will be completely destroyed to restore the traditional craftsmanship of Aga soil.” Qiangba Tsering, director of the Shannan Cultural Relics Bureau, said. In the Drepung Monastery, which is located halfway up the mountain in the western suburbs of Lhasa, the murals on the wall of an ancient prayer passage have been restored.“This is the longest fresco in Drepung Monastery. Due to its age and rain, the wall was arched out by 30 cm in the worst case.”Luosang, deputy director of the Drepung Monastery Management Committee, said that the technicians removed the murals, repaired the walls, and then pasted the murals on. The entire fresco follows“Repair as old”principle, to maximize the restoration of the original appearance of the frescoes. Tibet also pays attention to introducing the most advanced technology. In July 2013, the Palace Museum cooperated with the Jokhang Temple and decided to establish a complete and unified database of the cultural relics of the Jokhang Temple.“A Buddha statue can be viewed in 360 degrees with 10 pictures, showing the most beautiful part of the Buddha statue.”Luo Wenhua, director of the Institute of Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Relics at the Palace Museum, said. On the big screen, an ancient mural can be magnified 4 to 10 times. The color, line, figure shape, and even the ancient text of the mural that was originally difficult to see on the wall of the Jokhang Temple are clearly visible. Through high-end data collection, the crack length, area and changes of the murals that need to be repaired can be obtained.“This is the highest standard of data collection in China at present, and it is also the first time to organize the cultural relics of the Jokhang Temple in a modern sense.”Luo Wenhua said. As the hometown of thangkas, the possession of thangkas in Tibet ranks first in the country. exist“State Administration of Cultural Heritage Key Scientific Research Base——Tibet Joint Workstation”In the thangka studio, the staff made detailed records of the damaged thangka through advanced laser Raman, X-ray diffractometer and three-dimensional video microscope. At present, the workstation has set up eight departments including thangka protection studio, instrument room, X-ray inspection room, and pre-processing room, which provides a guarantee for the improvement of the comprehensive capability of Tibet Museum's scientific and technological protection.
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