A method for improving the fixation rate of reactive dyes

The invention relates to a method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of dyes, in particular to a method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes, and belongs to the technical field of dyeing and finishing. Reactive dyes are named because the dye molecules contain reactive groups that react with fibers, and can also be called reactive dyes. Reactive dyes are widely used due to their bright color, complete chromatogram, simple application process and excellent fastness, and reactive dyes can form covalent bonds with many fibers, making reactive dyes the most important type of cellulose fiber and textile dyeing. dye. However, the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes is low, and the utilization rate of the dyes is not high, especially when dyeing dark colors (dye concentration is greater than 3% 0.wf), the dye fixation rate is generally about 50-80%, that is to say 20-50% of the reactive dyes are wasted without reacting with the fibers. This not only causes the waste of dyes and increases the cost, but also the high-color wastewater discharged is difficult to treat, which is not conducive to environmental protection. In order to improve the utilization rate of dyes, people have conducted a lot of exploration in recent years, and cationic reagents are mostly used to cationic modification of fibers. However, the amount of cations is usually large, and there are many cationic modification treatment steps, and the operation is cumbersome. In addition, people have also developed multi-reactive group dyes to increase the probability of the dye reacting with the fiber, but the multi-reactive group dyes are expensive, which limits their large-scale use. In summary, providing a method that can improve the dye fixation rate of reactive dyes, has simple steps and is low in cost, is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a dyeing method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes. The method is simple to operate, low cost, and can effectively improve the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes. In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a method for improving the fixation rate of reactive dyes. The method includes the following steps: after the dyeing process is completed, a cationic quaternary ammonium salt is added to the dye liquor, the temperature is maintained for an appropriate time, and then the post-treatment is performed. . In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the cationic quaternary ammonium salt used includes alkyl trimethyl ammonium halide, and the alkyl group is an alkyl group of 2-16 carbons. . In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the cationic quaternary ammonium salt used includes octaalkyltrimethylammonium halide, decaalkyltrimethylammonium halide, and dodecyltrimethylammonium halide. Alkyl trimethyl ammonium halide or cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, etc. In the method for improving the fixation rate of reactive dye dyeing provided by the present invention, preferably, the added amount of the cationic quaternary salt is 1wt%0.w.f.-5wt%0.w.f. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the method of adding the cationic quaternary ammonium salt used includes a linear feeding method or a slow and fast curved feeding method. The specific implementation of the linear feeding method or the slow-to-fast curved feeding method here can be carried out in accordance with conventional operations. In the method for improving the dyeing fixation rate of reactive dyes provided by the present invention, preferably, the addition time of the cationic quaternary ammonium salt is controlled to be 20-60 min. In the method for improving the fixation rate of reactive dye dyeing provided by the present invention, preferably, the heat preservation is performed at the dyeing temperature, and the dyeing temperature is the optimal reaction temperature of the reactive dye; among them, the optimal reaction of the reactive dye is The temperature is: 60°C for low-temperature reactive dyes and 80°C for high-temperature reactive dyes. The method for improving the fixation rate of reactive dye dyeing provided by the present invention preferably includes the following steps: Step 1: Add reactive dye to the fabric to be dyed, and the mass ratio of the fabric to be dyed to the dye liquor is 1:4 -1:30 (preferably 1:12), immerse for 3-20min, add salt, heat up to the optimal reaction temperature of reactive dye, dye for 20min-30min, then add alkaline substance, keep warm;