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Comparative analysis of testing principle and experimental method of fabric bursting strength tester
Definition: The phenomenon that the fabric bulges, expands and ruptures under the load of a vertical fabric plane is called burst. The bursting strength of fabrics is an important mechanical index of fabrics. Test significance Tensile strength is not suitable for some fabrics (such as knitted fabrics and lace), but burst strength can be used instead. When the fabric is damaged, it is often subjected to pressure in the warp, weft, and oblique directions at the same time, especially some knitted fabrics (such as weft knitted fabrics) have the characteristics of vertical extension and lateral contraction, and the vertical and lateral directions have a great influence on each other. If the tensile strength test is used, the warp, weft and diagonal directions must be tested separately, while the burst strength can be evaluated at one time for the fabric strength. Bursting Mechanism Woven fabric: The deformation of the fabric in the non-warp and weft direction is caused by the mutual shearing of the two groups of warp and weft yarns, and its elongation deformation is larger than that in the warp and weft direction. The yarn breaks in the weakest direction and strength, followed by relative tearing in the warp or weft direction, so that the split is generally linear. If the warp and weft deformation capacity of the fabric is similar, the warp and weft yarns will break at the same time when bursting, and the cracks are often L or T-shaped, indicating that the warp and weft yarns play the greatest role at the same time, and the bursting strength is higher than that of a straight crack. Knitted fabrics: The loops are colluded to form a piece and together undergo elongation and deformation until the fabric is torn. Non-woven fabrics: It is mainly the breaking of fibers and the loosening of the fiber web. The top rupture is a raised loose fiber package, and the burst is the tearing and cracking of the fiber web. Test method: There are three main test methods for bursting strength or bursting strength: bursting method, marble bursting method and steel ball method. In foreign countries such as the United States, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Australia, etc., the bursting method is used for testing [1]. my country's GB/T 7742.1-2005 'Textiles - Burst Properties of Fabrics - Part 1: Determination of Burst Strength and Burst Expansion - Hydraulic Method' refers to the burst test method in the international standard ISO 13938-1:1999. The test principle is: clamp the sample on the extensible diaphragm, apply liquid pressure under the diaphragm, and increase the liquid volume at a constant speed, so that the diaphragm and the sample expand until the sample ruptures, and the bursting strength is measured [ 2], this method can also test the burst expansion of the sample. Before the revision of the national standard 'cotton knitted underwear', the burst strength was tested by the marble burst method, that is, a 25 mm circular marble was used to test the knitted fabric. The test methods listed in the GB/T 19976-2005 'Steel Ball Method for Determination of Bursting Strength of Textiles' formulated in 2005 have two differences compared with the previous ones: First, the diameter of the marble (steel ball) for bursting has changed It is 38 mm, and the second is to stipulate that the strength test instrument is the internationally accepted CRE (constant velocity elongation) strength tester. Bursting mechanism: The plain weave will form a crack parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and there will be more coils detached along the transverse direction of the fabric; while the damage crack of the pearl structure is in the shape of a hole, and the damage is mainly manifested as yarn breakage, Coil detachment is hardly formed. The three methods have similar failure mechanisms: Weak ring theory From the weak ring theory, it can be known that when the knitted fabric is subjected to bursting or bursting, it will first be damaged at a certain weakest place, and then a stress concentration will be generated at the damaged place. , as the test is carried out, a large number of loops in the plain weave fabric will detach in the lateral direction, and the cracks will continue to expand in the longitudinal direction; in the pique fabric, more yarns will be broken, and the cracks will expand around. Test results: The results of different test methods are compared as follows: 1) The diameter of the steel ball is larger than that of the marble, and the bursting strength obtained by the steel ball method is also greater than that obtained by the marble bursting method 2) The three test methods have similar failure mechanisms, The shape of the crack after the fabric is damaged is also basically the same. 3) The results of the three test methods have a good linear relationship with each other, and there is a good correlation between the three.
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Individuals with varied technical skills use textile testing equipment in a wide range of applications.
Ball Burst Method (ASTM D3787): Steel ball penetration for textiles/films using testers like GT-C02-2.
Hydraulic Method (ISO 13938.1): Fluid pressure on rubber diaphragm for industrial fabrics via GT-C12A.
Pneumatic Method (ISO 13938.2): Compressed air for breathable materials tested with GT-C12B.
Results are influenced by raw materials, yarn properties,
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