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Research on Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Method of Seaweed Fiber
At present, in the development of textiles, the most used textile fibers are natural fibers, regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. Among them, the main raw material of synthetic fiber is petroleum, which is a non-renewable resource. With the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, coupled with the problems of high consumption and high pollution in production, synthetic fibers are facing great pressure, so all countries are researching, developing and utilizing Other fibers replace synthetic fibers, and the most ideal fiber that can replace synthetic fibers is biodegradable fiber. Biodegradable fiber is an environmentally friendly material. It provides a way for humans to reduce the burden on the environment and achieve a balance between modern civilization and nature. Therefore, it will become one of the main fibers in the 21st century. The seaweed fiber is a kind of biodegradable fiber. After human beings grow cotton, hemp, grow mulberry and raise silkworms, they need fiber from the land and extract oil to find fiber from underground. The ocean wants fiber. Seaweed fiber is a kind of fiber made by spinning the material extracted from natural seaweed. It is an important new natural functional fiber material. Brown algae and red algae are the best sources of seaweed fiber. This fiber can be processed into staple fibers or filaments of any length and denier, and can also be blended with other fibers, and finally can be used to make clothes, home textiles, mattresses, etc. Seaweed fiber has many new characteristics that traditional fibers do not have, such as moisture absorption, antibacterial, flame retardancy, radiation protection, heat preservation and other characteristics. As a national-level professional textile product inspection agency in the seaweed fiber research and development site (Qingdao), it has the responsibility and obligation to make a contribution to the promotion of local industrial development. Therefore, from a professional perspective, the scientific research team of our institute has not yet entered a large number of seaweed fiber products. Before the market, the research on the method of measuring the blending ratio of seaweed fiber and other fibers will lay the foundation for the smooth entry of this new textile material into the market and the people's life. 1 Qualitative analysis of seaweed fiber [3-5] 1.1 Appearance Pure seaweed fiber is white, with smooth surface, soft luster, soft hand, and good drape. 1.2 Burning test method 1.2.1 Test equipment and tools Balance, lighter or alcohol lamp, tweezers, magnifying glass, petri dish, scissors 1.2.2 Reagent ethanol 1.2.3 Test method Pull about 10mg sample into thin bundles, and clamp it with tweezers , Slowly approach the flame and observe the reaction of the sample to heat (melting, shrinkage). Then move the sample beam into the flame and observe the burning situation in the flame. Then leave the flame, pay attention to observe the burning state of the sample and smell the smell when the flame is just extinguished. After the sample cools, observe the ash status of the residue. Record the details of the combustion process, see Table 1. 1.3 Microscope observation method 1.3.1 Test instruments and tools Harbin slicer, blade, small rotary drill, tweezers, picking needle, scissors, glass slide, cover glass, biological microscope Wait. 1.3.2 Reagent liquid paraffin and collodion test methods 1.3.3.1 Observe longitudinally, pull the samples into narrow bundles and arrange them, take samples of appropriate length and spread them evenly on the glass slide, add a small amount of liquid paraffin (note Do not bring in air bubbles), cover with a cover glass, and place it on the stage of a 100-fold to 500-fold biomicroscope to observe its shape, and record the longitudinal characteristics of the sample. (See Figure 1) 1.3.3.2 Cross-section observation Put the cross-section of the sample prepared with the Ha-type slicer on a glass slide, add a small amount of liquid paraffin, and cover it with a cover glass (be careful not to bring in air bubbles), Place it on the stage of a biological microscope of 100 times to 500 times to observe its shape, and record the cross-sectional characteristics of the sample. (See Figure 2) 1.4 Chemical dissolution method 1.4.1 Test instruments and tools Constant temperature oven, electric constant temperature water bath, analytical balance, glass sobbing filter bottle, beaker, test tube, wooden clamp, tweezers, glass rod, crucible tongs, etc. 1.4.2 Reagent 1.4.3 Test method Put about 100mg sample in a test tube and inject 10ml solvent (the bath ratio of sample and reagent is 1:100). At room temperature, stir with a glass rod for 5 minutes to observe the dissolution of the sample by the solvent. For samples that are difficult to dissolve at room temperature, do a boiling test and stir with a glass rod for 3 minutes, depending on the degree of dissolution. Record the dissolution of the sample in various solvents and conditions, see Table 2. Note: The test should be carried out in a fume hood, because many solvents are highly volatile and toxic. Open flames should not be used when heating. Pay attention to fire safety, because many reagents are flammable. 2 Quantitative analysis of seaweed fiber blended with other fibers [6-9] Through the above series of qualitative analysis of seaweed fiber, it is not difficult to find: 1) The 75% sulfuric acid solution method can be used to determine whether the seaweed fiber and other (such as polyester Fiber, polypropylene, aramid, etc.) do not dissolve the fiber blending ratio in 75% sulfuric acid solution. 2) The 30% sodium hydroxide solution boiling method can be used to determine the blending ratio of seaweed fiber and other (such as cotton, viscose, lyocell, modal, etc.) insoluble fiber in 30% sodium hydroxide solution. 3) Determine the blending ratio of seaweed fiber with nylon by using its insoluble property in hydrochloric acid (normal temperature). 4) Using the insoluble properties of seaweed fiber in dimethylformamide to determine its blending ratio with acrylic fiber and spandex respectively.
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