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Test indicators and meanings of UV protection performance of textiles
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays will damage the thickness of glia and elastic fibers in human skin cells, causing skin diseases such as dermatitis, blisters, erythema, and melanin deposition. Anti-ultraviolet fabrics are widely used in people who work in the field for a long time in summer, such as soldiers, traffic police, geological personnel, construction workers' sun hats, umbrellas, sun protection clothing and so on. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the UV transmittance of textiles. (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. can act as an agent for the 290AS UV transmittance tester, and customers in need can inquire. GB/T 18830 'Textiles - Evaluation of Anti-ultraviolet Performance' has been implemented as early as February 1, 2003. The current standard is GB/T 18830-2009. This standard specifies the test methods for the UV transmittance performance of textiles, the representation, evaluation and identification of protection levels, and is suitable for evaluating the performance of fabrics against sunlight UV rays under specified conditions. According to the provisions of this standard, when the UPF of the sample is greater than 40 and the T(UVA)av is less than 5%, it can be called“UV protection products”. Only when the two indicators of UV protection factor UPF and transmittance T meet the standard requirements, can it be regarded as a qualified UV protection product. At present, there are mainly four types of sunscreen textiles: UV-absorbing materials are embedded in the fibers (UV-resistant materials are added during spinning), fabrics are UV-resistant printing and dyeing, the surface of the fabric is coated with metal, and the surface of the fabric is coated with non-metallic materials. The UV transmittance tester usually uses monochromatic or polychromatic UV rays to irradiate the sample, collects the total spectral transmittance, determines the total spectral transmittance, and then calculates the UPF value of the sample. The instrument can irradiate the sample with a parallel beam and collect all the transmitted light with an integrating sphere; it can also irradiate the sample with a light hemisphere and collect parallel transmitted light. 290AS textile UV transmittance tester has high UV reflectivity, good stability and no aging. It uses dual spectrometer structure and CCD array spectrometer at the same time, which can monitor the changes of light source and sample simultaneously in real time to ensure that it is not affected by changes of light source. Data collection is completed in milliseconds. The following are the test indicators and their meanings of the anti-ultraviolet performance of textiles: 1. Ultraviolet transmittance (also called transmittance) T is defined as the ultraviolet irradiance when the sample is covered to the ultraviolet transmitted irradiance when there is no sample. percentage. 2. Ultraviolet protection factor UPF is defined as: the ratio of the minimum irradiance of ultraviolet rays required to produce erythema when the skin is not protected by fabrics to the irradiance of ultraviolet rays with the minimum irradiance to produce erythema through the fabric. 3. Solar irradiance E (λ): The energy per unit area and unit wavelength from the sun received on the earth's surface, expressed in W/(m2.nm). 4. Sunlight ultraviolet radiation (UVR): electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 280nm-400nm. 5. Sunlight UVA: Sunlight UV radiation with a wavelength of 315nm-400nm. 6. Sunlight UVB: Sunlight ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 280nm-315nm. 7. Erythema: Skin caused by various physical or chemical effects. 8. Erythema action spectrum E (λ): the wavelength isλassociated erythema radiation.
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Ball Burst Method (ASTM D3787): Steel ball penetration for textiles/films using testers like GT-C02-2.
Hydraulic Method (ISO 13938.1): Fluid pressure on rubber diaphragm for industrial fabrics via GT-C12A.
Pneumatic Method (ISO 13938.2): Compressed air for breathable materials tested with GT-C12B.
Results are influenced by raw materials, yarn properties,
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