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What are the types of textile instruments?
Textile instruments are commonly used testing instruments in the textile industry. The main function of textile instruments is to test the quality of textiles. Especially under the premise that the current textile industry market management and standards are more standardized and strict, and my country's textile industry is exported to the international market in large quantities. Wait, there are clear regulations and requirements for the quality and compliance of textiles, so what types of textile instruments are used? Fibers: fiber impurity analyzer, fiber length analyzer, fiber friction coefficient tester, single fiber strength function, etc. Yarn categories: strand yarn length measuring machine, single yarn strength machine, yarn twist tester, noodle, roving, spun yarn evenness evenness tester, etc. Fabric tired: fabric strength machine, fabric thickness tester, color fastness tester for friction, perspiration, washing, etc. 1. Instruments for testing the physical properties, mechanical properties and process properties of textile fibers, yarns and textiles Modern test equipment. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in addition to evaluating the quality of silk fabrics with human senses, China also used the feathers of the five-colored pheasants as the color standard for evaluating the dyeing of fabrics. Since the Zhou Dynasty, rulers have been used to measure the length and width of fabrics, and to formulate public standards. With the development of textile technology, special instruments are required to inspect products to ensure stable product quality. Since the 20th century, textile enterprises have used manual and mechanical instruments to test semi-finished products and finished products. After the appearance of chemical fibers, more test items and instruments are required to reflect the quality and characteristics of products. With the rapid development of modern electronic technology and computer technology, some modern textile instruments use direct digital display, and some are attached with a micro-processing computing system, which directly prints out the average and discrete indicators of the test results, which improves the test efficiency and reduces the human error. There are many types of textile testing instruments, including mechanical property testing equipment, appearance quality testing equipment, fabric style testing equipment, physical property testing equipment and process property testing equipment. 1. Mechanical property testing instrument Test the various properties of textile materials under the action of mechanical external force, there are tensile property testing equipment and abrasion resistance testing equipment. There are three types of tensile property testing instruments: ① Constant rate elongation (CRE): the deformation rate per unit time of the sample remains constant during the tensile process; ② Constant loading type (CRL): When the sample is stretched The rate of increase of the load is basically constant; ③ Constant velocity traction type (CRT): When the sample is pulled by the lower clip, the upper clip has an irregular displacement according to the stress-strain characteristics of the material. The constant velocity traction type instrument appeared early and was widely used. It belongs to the mechanical type and is often called the pendulum type power machine. With appropriate fixtures and automatic recording devices, a number of tensile properties can be tested. However, because the inertia of the pendulum and the strain rate per unit time vary with the stress-strain characteristics of the material, the precision of the instrument is low and the comparability is poor. The representative of the equal loading instruments is the inclined plane strength machine, which can be used to measure the tensile properties of fibers and yarns. Among them, the electromechanical combination of the inclined plane strength machine can continuously and automatically stretch and exchange the 10 cops according to the specified number of tests, and can also draw the curves of breaking strength and breaking elongation. The instrument is equipped with a data processing system, which can directly print out the test results. In the late 1970s, a constant-speed elongation electronic automatic single-yarn strength tester was developed, which adopts strain-type sensing force measurement, with high precision and automation, small inertia and full functions. According to the different capacity, it can be divided into general type and special type. The general-purpose instrument can measure the tensile properties, elasticity and compressibility of fibers, yarns and fabrics by exchanging sensors with different capacities. Shear, bending and friction performance tests can also be carried out with appropriate accessories. This instrument, sometimes called a universal strength tester, can digitally display, automate data processing, and print out test results. Some models are also equipped with high and low temperature test devices. The desktop single-fiber electronic strength tester successfully developed in China is a special type. The maximum capacity of the instrument is 100 grams of force. It can digitally display and record automatically. In the 1980s, an automatic short fiber strength tester was made. A variety of test results can be obtained by testing with a tensile property tester, such as breaking strength, breaking elongation, multiple tensile fatigue, constant load or constant elongation elasticity, and fabric tear strength, burst strength, sewing strength Wait. In addition, the initial modulus, fracture work and other indicators can be calculated by using the recorded drawings.
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