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Properties and uses of fibers commonly used in textiles
So far, cotton is still the main raw material for spinning, accounting for about 50% of spinning raw materials. Raw cotton has three categories: long-staple cotton, fine-staple cotton, and coarse-staple cotton, the latter of which has been basically eliminated. Long-staple cotton has long fibers, good quality and low output, and is only produced in Xinjiang in my country. The total amount of long-staple cotton produced in Egypt is the largest, and the quality is also good; the Pima cotton (PIMA) produced in the United States is also long-staple cotton. Long-staple cotton is mainly used in the manufacture of high-end textiles, such as high-count cotton underwear, shirts, T-shirts and other clothing. General textiles use fine-staple cotton. The performance characteristics of cotton fiber are that its strength is generally lower than that of synthetic fibers, but it has good hygroscopicity, air permeability, softness, good wearing performance, alkali resistance but not acid resistance, easy dyeing, insect resistance and mildew resistance. Comfortable to wear is its main advantage, suitable for underwear clothing and all kinds of commonly used clothing. The market share of cotton and chemical fiber blended products is very high, but pure cotton clothing is still the best choice for wearing comfort, safety, health and practicality. current“organic cotton”Has become the darling of the market. Its characteristics are not much different from ordinary cotton, but it is planted, processed, stored and sold in an organic way. It has strict requirements on soil, water source, fertilization and environment. It is certified by a special certification agency. It is a green and environmentally friendly product. The price is higher than ordinary cotton products, especially suitable for underwear, bedding, ladies' products. Colored cotton refers to colored cotton, which has been planted in my country as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Under the influence of advocating natural ecology today, colored cotton products do not need to be dyed, the color is natural, the texture is soft, and there is no chemical pollution, making it an ideal textile raw material. At present, the color of colored cotton has developed a lot, but the color is not stable enough, not bright enough, the light fastness is poor, and the color spectrum is not complete. In addition, the color cotton planting yield is low, and there are many neps in spinning, so the development is limited. It is mainly used for Bedding such as underwear and towels are not widely used. There are many types of animal hair and wool fibers, but the main ones used for textiles are sheep wool, rabbit hair, cashmere, yak hair and so on. (1) Sheep wool Sheep wool fiber has many excellent properties, such as good elasticity, strong moisture absorption and moisture removal, good warmth retention, soft color, and can be used for the development of various types of clothing. However, wool fibers are acid and alkali resistant, and easy to be eaten by insects. . The finer the wool fiber, the better the quality, which is related to the variety of wool. Wool fiber has a high price and is mainly used to process high-end clothing, such as suits, coats, dresses, sweaters, scarves, etc. It is more popular that it is blended with chemical fiber products, which can learn from each other and reduce costs. Consumers should pay close attention to wool products of the gross content. (2) Cashmere (Cashmere) Cashmere is the fluff caught during the goat hair removal season. English called cashmere, very precious, known as“soft gold”. It is characterized by lightness, softness, good warmth retention, and comfortable wearing. It is generally used to weave high-end products such as cashmere sweaters, suits, coats, and scarves. Cashmere products are sold at extremely high prices. Consumers should pay attention to the labeling of the content of cashmere in clothing, and pay attention to daily wear and care, especially when wearing cashmere sweaters, be careful not to rub hard, otherwise it will be easily damaged. (3) Rabbit fur Rabbit fur is the fluff of Angora rabbits. The fiber is light, soft, fluffy, and has good warmth retention. Shirts, scarves, etc., should reduce friction when using to prevent hair loss. The most commonly used hemp fibers in hemp clothing are ramie, flax and hemp. The performance characteristics of hemp are that the fibers are rough and hard, have strong moisture absorption and dehumidification capabilities, are cool and comfortable to wear, and have natural antibacterial and anti-mite effects. Viscose fiber blend, especially suitable for weaving summer clothes. The fineness of flax fiber is finer than that of ramie, and the fineness and length of hemp fiber is between linen and ramie. Silk products commonly used in silk clothing are silk, also known as real silk, which is an ancient high-grade weaving material. Its characteristics are bright and gorgeous color, moisture absorption and breathability, elegant and soft, comfortable to wear close to the body, good to the skin, favored by ladies, and the first choice for high-end summer clothing. The disadvantage is that silk fabrics are more delicate and difficult to care for. In recent years, spun silk and spun silk made from waste cotton are often blended with cotton to make garments, which are called garments on the market.“cotton silk”, but the surface is rough; it is popular with consumers because of its affordable price and good performance. Regenerated cellulose fibers Traditional regenerated cellulose fibers, such as viscose fiber, acetate fiber and cupro fiber, are widely used in the clothing industry. Among them, viscose fiber is known as a blended and versatile fiber, and it is often blended with cotton and various fibers. Traditional viscose fibers have good spinnability and weaving properties, and are comfortable to wear. Consumers used to call them“rayon”, but the strength of viscose fiber is low, especially in wet state; when washing, the fabric becomes stiff due to fiber expansion, and the shrinkage rate is large, and the dimensional stability of the garment is poor. The traditional viscose fiber production pollutes the environment, so there have been many new green regenerated cellulose fibers with high strength and high wet modulus, as well as new regenerated vegetable protein fibers and lactic acid fibers.
1. ISO 5402-1: Specifies the flexometer method for testing leather flex resistance under repeated bending.
2. ISO 17694: Defines test methods for footwear upper and lining flex resistance, simulating real-world bending stress to assess long-term durability.
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