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Technical regulations and standards for the combustion performance of textiles
Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries have long legislated on the combustion performance of a series of textile products, including clothing fabrics, pajamas, children's pajamas, carpets, mattresses, curtains, etc., which are required to pass the combustion test before production and use; the United States The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) also legislated that textiles used in high-rise buildings, aviation, shipping, hospitals, nursing homes, mass gatherings, and flammable work areas must pass the flame test. The following mainly introduces the corresponding technical regulations and standards in the United States, Canada, Japan, Europe and China. 1. The United States The United States passed the Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA) as early as 1953, which was revised in 1954 and 1967, and enforced by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) (Table 2). Scope of application of standards and regulations Technical requirements for combustion performance Remarks 16CFR1610 Flammability Standard for Wearable Textiles Grade 1: General Flammability Fabrics without lint, soft wool, plush tufts and lint and other fabrics without raised fibers on the surface. flame spread time≥3.5s. Can be used for clothing products. Fabrics containing piles, soft wool, pile tufts and lint and other fabrics without raised fibers on the surface. flame spread time≥Although 7s or surface burning is relatively rapid (within 0 to 7s), the flame intensity cannot ignite or melt the matrix of the fabric. Class 2: Moderately flammable fabrics containing down, soft wool, pile tufts and lint and other fabrics without raised fibers on the surface. The flame spread time is 4 to 7s (including the burning and melting time of the base tissue). Can be used in apparel products, but should be used with caution, as the flammability test results of textile fabrics will vary with fabric properties. Level 3: Fast and intense burning of fabrics that are free of lint, fuzz, tufts and lint, and other fabrics that do not have raised fibers on the surface. Flame spread time <4s. Such fabrics are considered flammable, hazardous, and cannot be used in apparel products due to their rapid, violent combustion. Fabrics containing piles, soft wool, pile tufts and lint and other fabrics without raised fibers on the surface. The flame spread time is less than 4s, and the flame intensity is sufficient to burn or melt the base tissue. 16CFR1615 Children's Pajamas Flammability Standard 0-6 Children's Pajamas and related materials. Average carbonization length of 5 samples≤17.8cm (7”) carbonization length of any one of the 5 samples≤25.4cm (10”), that is, neither sample can be completely burned. only one sampling method——Conventional sampling method: a batch of 500 dozen. 16CFR1616 Children's Pajamas Flammability Standard 0-6 Children's Pajamas and related materials, 7-14 Children's Pajamas and related materials. Two sampling methods: ① conventional sampling method; ② relaxed sampling method: for 15 consecutive batches that pass the inspection, relaxed sampling method can be implemented: 1,000 dozen as a batch. 16CFR1630 Carpet and felt surface flammability standard carpet class. The distance from the edge of the carbonized area of a single sample to any point on the edge of the metal frame (d20.3cm)≥2.54cm, the sample is qualified; if at least 7 of the 8 samples have a distance from the edge of the carbonized area to the edge of the metal frame > 2.54cm, the carpet test is qualified. 16CFR1631 Small Carpet and Felt Surface Flammability Standard Small Carpet Class: Dimensions≤183cm, area≤223m2. 16CFR1632 Mattresses and Mattresses Flammability Standard Various mattresses for home use, excluding various mattresses installed on vehicles. Length of carbonation measured at the point closest to the cigarette in any direction on the mattress surface≤5.1cm, the test part of the single cigarette is qualified; generally, 18 cigarettes are required to be lit for testing, and all parts of the test are qualified to qualify the mattress. 2. Canada Canada's regulations on the flame retardant properties of textiles are included in the dangerous goods regulations and regulations, which are enforced by inspectors sent by Health Canada (Table 3). Scope of application of standards and regulations Combustion performance technical requirements Dangerous product regulations Any flammable, toxic and other products that pose a threat to public health and safety, textiles and clothing also belong to the textile fiber products. Flat surface fabrics. Flame expansion time > 3.5s. Surface fleece fabric. Flame expansion time > 4s. size≤Size 14 children's pajamas, pillows, cots, cribs or some other textile for sleeping. Flame expansion time > 7s. Average carbonized length of 5 samples of children's sleepwear under the Hazardous Products (Children's Sleepwear) Ordinance≤178mm; the carbonized length of up to 1 sample is equal to the overall length of the sample (254mm).
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Ball Burst Method (ASTM D3787): Steel ball penetration for textiles/films using testers like GT-C02-2.
Hydraulic Method (ISO 13938.1): Fluid pressure on rubber diaphragm for industrial fabrics via GT-C12A.
Pneumatic Method (ISO 13938.2): Compressed air for breathable materials tested with GT-C12B.
Results are influenced by raw materials, yarn properties,
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