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Twenty scientific instruments that have made great contributions to human progress
Modern society is inseparable from electricity. When you enjoy the convenience brought by lights, air conditioners, telephones, and the Internet every day, have you ever wondered how scientists figure out the principles? In 'The Prologue of Electrical AgeUsing scientifically accurate and high-quality computer graphics (CG), we try to restore the style of these historical instruments, and give their working principles and important scientific discoveries related to them. The final form of our plan for 'The Prologue of the Electric Age' is a popular science book with both pictures and texts and an interactive iPad App. We are currently looking for co-authors for the project. If you are an experienced science writer and are interested in this project, please contact us (liangyan@novoedu.com). The following is a preview of the project: 'The Prologue of the Electrical Age' is divided into 8 themes, introducing nearly 20 important historical instruments, related scientists and their important scientific discoveries. Below is a preview of 10 instruments. ? The electrostatic electroscope invented by William Gilbert in 1600 is the earliest electrostatic detection device. Gilbert was the first scientist to distinguish electrical and magnetic phenomena. ? The triboelectric device invented in 1663 by Otto von Gulick. After rubbing the yellow sulfur ball with your hands, the sulfur ball can attract small objects such as feathers. At the time, Curic did not know the nature of his experimental phenomenon. He believed that the attraction of sulfur balls to other objects was similar to the gravity of the earth. ? An electrostatic generator invented by Jean-Antoine Nolay in 1753. Rubbing the rapidly rotating hollow glass sphere with your hands or fur can generate a large amount of static charge on the glass surface. ? The Leiden bottle was independently invented by von Kleist in 1745 and Musenbrock in 1745-1746. Its name is derived from the city of Leiden, where Musenbroke is located. The Leiden bottle is the earliest capacitor. ? The Leiden bottle battery invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1758. Franklin was the first to use the word Battery to describe battery packs. Before Battery refers to the military platoon. ? Charles Augustine Coulomb invented the torsion balance device in 1785. Through this sophisticated instrument, Coulomb discovered the famous Coulomb's law. ? Alessandro Volt invented the voltaic stack in 1800. This is the first chemical battery that can continuously supply power. The invention of the voltaic stack greatly promoted the progress of electrochemistry and electromagnetics. ? An electromagnetic rotating device invented by Michael Faraday in 1821. This device is the predecessor of all electric motors. ? Michael Faraday discovered the famous electromagnetic induction phenomenon in 1831. The picture above is the first electromagnetic induction generator invented by Picsey in 1832 based on Faraday's research results. ? Heinrich Hertz invented an experimental device for electromagnetic wave detection in 1886. Through this set of experimental devices, Hertz confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves for the first time and determined that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is the same as the speed of light.
Ball Burst Method (ASTM D3787): Steel ball penetration for textiles/films using testers like GT-C02-2.
Hydraulic Method (ISO 13938.1): Fluid pressure on rubber diaphragm for industrial fabrics via GT-C12A.
Pneumatic Method (ISO 13938.2): Compressed air for breathable materials tested with GT-C12B.
Results are influenced by raw materials, yarn properties,
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