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What are the types of flame retardants commonly used in fabrics?
Fabric burning performance test and fabric flame retardant performance test are standards that must be tested by many textile industries. The flame retardant effect of textiles is generally the addition of chemical properties such as flame retardants. Therefore, different flame retardant additives can be selected for the flame retardant effect of textiles. In this article, the Engineering Department will focus on the types of flame retardants commonly used in fabrics. 1. Classification according to the flame-retardant elements contained 1. In the pyrolysis process of halogen-containing flame retardants, X·and HX are decomposed to capture and transmit combustion free radicals. HX can dilute the combustible gas generated during fiber cracking, or block the contact. 2. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants produce phosphoric anhydride or phosphoric acid during the combustion process, which promotes the dehydration and carbonization of textiles and prevents or reduces the production of combustible gases. In addition, phosphoric anhydride forms a glass-like melt when it is pyrolyzed to cover the fabric, prompting its oxidation to generate carbon dioxide, which plays a flame-retardant effect. 3. Nitrogen-containing flame retardant nitrogen compounds can act with cellulose to promote cross-linking into charcoal, reduce the decomposition temperature of fabrics, and produce non-combustible gas, which can dilute the combustible gas. 2. Classification according to the durability of flame-retardant fabrics 1. Non-durable flame-retardant finishing agent, temporary flame-retardant finishing agent. Most of them are water-soluble or emulsion inorganic salts. When treating, dissolve the flame retardant in water first. The fabric can be used after immersion and drying. There is also a two-bath padding. The second bath uses ammonia or soda ash to deposit metal oxides on the fabric. This method is simple in process and low in price, but the fabric has a poor hand feeling, and the flame retardant effect after washing is greatly reduced. 2. Semi-durable flame-retardant finishing agent. Its flame-retardant products can withstand one-time mild washing, but are not resistant to high temperature soaping. The method includes urea-phosphoric acid method, urethane phosphate method and so on. 3. The durable flame-retardant finishing agent uses chemical methods to polymerize or condense on the inner surface of the fiber to form a water-insoluble polymer. Generally, it is required to be washed more than 30 times. Different types of flame retardants should be used for knitted fabrics of different materials to obtain better flame retardant effects. Decorative fabrics are deeply loved by consumers for their gorgeous appearance and comfort performance. Therefore, when the fabric is flame-retardant finishing, it is necessary to fully consider the effect of flame retardants on the color, appearance, feel and other physical and mechanical properties of the fabric.
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