Comparative analysis of different test methods for color fastness to rubbing

At present, the international standard for testing color fastness to rubbing mainly includes the International Organization for Standardization Standard ISO 105-X12: 2001 'Textile Color Fastness Test Part X12: Color Fastness to Rubbing1. The mechanism of color fastness to rubbing Color fastness to rubbing refers to the ability of a dyed fabric to withstand external effects and maintain its original color or state. The test method is to use a standard dry or wet white cloth to rub the dyed fabric sample under the specified conditions, and compare the staining degree on the white cloth with the standard gray staining sample card for evaluation, that is, the dye molecules and the colored fiber particles are affected by the external force. The degree of transfer to the white cloth through interface contact under the action. Assess the color fastness to rubbing of the dyed fabrics (number of grades), with grade 1 being the worst and grade 5 being the best. It can be seen from the test process that the color fastness to rubbing of the dyed fabric reflects the degree of transfer of the dye molecules and their attachments (e.g., dyed short fibers) on the dyed fabric to the white cloth for testing through interface contact when subjected to external force This essence. After the fabric is dyed or printed, although the dye is combined with the fiber through chemical bonds or hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, due to the difference in the concentration of dye molecules between the tested dyed fabric and the white cloth used for testing, the dye molecules have changed from high concentration to low concentration. The 'power' of concentration diffusion and transfer, when there is no external force, the dye molecules are bound by chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces, and the amount of transfer is small, which is not enough to cause human perception (vision); but if it is subjected to a certain external force During the action (such as friction), the kinetic energy of the dye molecule transfer increases, which is sufficient to overcome the bond energy between the dye and the fiber, so that the amount of dye molecules transferred to the white cloth on the dyed fabric is significantly increased, and finally the white cloth is stained with color. Under normal circumstances, the color fastness to wet rubbing of the same tested sample is worse than its color fastness to dry rubbing. The reason is that some water-soluble dyes or dyes that have a certain affinity with water molecules, their chemical bonding energy with fibers will be reduced due to the presence of water, which is conducive to the separation and transfer of dye molecules, resulting in 'the same test sample's resistance to wet friction The color fastness is worse than its color fastness to dry rubbing'. Often for the same piece of dyed fabric, its dry rubbing fastness can reach 4-5 grades, but it is difficult to reach 2-3 grades for wet rubbing color fastness. 2. Comparison of different test methods and results The color fastness to rubbing is tested on the rubbing color fastness tester. Fix the standard rubbing white cloth (dry or wet) on the rubbing head, and operate the dyed fabric according to the specified rubbing times and rubbing stroke under a certain pressure. After the sample is dry, the degree of staining of the rubbing white cloth is evaluated with a standard stained gray scale under a standard light source. The comparison of different test methods and test results is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the type of standard friction white cloth, the moisture content of the white cloth, the temperature, humidity, vertical pressure, friction stroke, friction direction, friction times and other test parameters during the test have certain effects on the test results. Influence, for the same sample, the data obtained by different rubbing fastness test methods will have a difference of 0.5 to 1.0 grade. If we only look at the test results (number of levels), the data measured by the other three standards are basically the same except that the results measured by the Japanese JIS standard are relatively low by 0.5 to 1.0. To determine whether the color fastness to rubbing of textiles is qualified, it must be based on the limit value of the color fastness to rubbing of the countries or the parties to the trade contract. Most of the clothing product standards in my country stipulate that the color fastness to dry rubbing of clothing fabrics (first-class products) should generally reach grade 3-4, and the color fastness to wet rubbing should reach grade 3 (dark products can be half grade lower); and For export products, the color fastness to wet rubbing is generally required to reach level 3 or higher. 3. Concluding remarks There is a certain difference between the rubbing fastness values u200bu200bmeasured according to the test methods of different organizations or national standards, although there is only a difference of 0.5 to 1.0, but whether the rubbing fastness is qualified is the most important thing. Important. In addition, there are certain differences between the test methods of color fastness to rubbing and their limit values u200bu200bin various countries, which requires us to pay attention to the requirements of the target market in the trade contract when testing the color fastness to rubbing of textiles. The detection methods and their limit values u200bu200bare tested and evaluated in strict accordance with the detection methods and limit values u200bu200brequired by the target market, to prevent the phenomenon of passing the test at home and failing the test abroad. More about Rubbing Fastness Tester: http://www.standard-groups.com/TextileGarment/
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