Introduction to the principle and operation method of tensile testing machine

The measuring principle of the tensile tester: 　　 1. The force value of the tensile tester is measured by the force sensor, the amplifier and the data processing system. Under the premise of small deformation, the strain ε at a certain point of an elastic element is proportional to the force experienced by the elastic element, and also proportional to the elastic deformation. Take the S-type testing machine sensor as an example. When the sensor is subjected to the effect of the tensile force P, because the elastic element is pasted with a strain gauge, since the strain of the elastic element is proportional to the size of the external force P, the strain gauge is connected to the measurement circuit , You can measure its output voltage, and then measure the size of the force.　　 2. The deformation measurement of the tensile machine is measured by the deformation measurement installation. It is used to measure the deformation of the sample during the experiment. The installation has two chucks, which are connected with the photoelectric encoder installed on the top of the measurement installation through a series of biographical ideas. When the interval between the two chucks changes, it drives the shaft of the photoelectric encoder to twist, and the photoelectric encoder There will be pulse signal output. Then the processor handles this signal, and the deformation of the sample can be obtained.　　 3. The principle of measuring the displacement of the beam of the tensile machine is roughly the same as that of the deformation measurement. The displacement of the beam is obtained by measuring the number of output pulses of the photoelectric encoder.　　Operation method: 　　1. About the loading and unloading of the sample: the round sample is clamped in the center of the round jaw clamp, and the sample is clamped. The flat specimen must be perpendicular to the fixture and cannot be skewed. The clamping part must be long, at least 3/4 of the length of the clamping block. When the upper and lower chucks are clamped, it is forbidden to lift the beam.　　2. Regarding the force value reset: used to display the sampled data, there is a sensor bar on the main interface of the software. The electronic tensile tester can display the values u200bu200bof 4 kinds of sensors, namely test force, displacement, extensometer, and peak force. Usually after clamping the test piece and clamping the extensometer, it is necessary to clear the sensors to start the running test. However, the reset of the force sensor is quite special. Firstly, clamp the upper chuck of the stretching fixture, then adjust the lower beam to the proper position, reset the force value, and then clamp the lower chuck.　　3. Permanent deformation: After removing the load, the data still remains deformed.　　4. Compliance point: When the data is stretched on the electronic tensile testing machine, the deformation increases and the stress does not change. This point is the compliant point. The compliant point is divided into the upper and lower compliant points, and the upper compliant point is usually used as the compliant point. Submission: The load exceeding the share limit is no longer proportional to the elongation, and the load will drop suddenly, and then within a period of time, the up and down are rugged, and the elongation changes greatly. This appearance is called obedience.　　 5. Yield strength: When stretched, the eternal elongation reaches a certain regular value of load, divided by the original cross-sectional area of u200bu200bthe parallel part, and the quotient is obtained.　　 6. Tension spring K value: the ratio of the force weight and the deformation in the same phase with the deformation.　　 7. Effective elasticity and hysteresis are lost.
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