Analysis on the Experimental Method of Measuring the Burning Performance and Burning Rate of Fabric at 45°

1. Subject content and scope of application This standard specifies the method for determining the flammability of clothing textiles and three grades for evaluating the flammability of clothing textiles. This standard is applicable to the measurement of the intensity and speed of burning of flammable textiles once they are ignited when worn. 2. Reference standard GB 5457 Glossary of the burning performance of textiles and textile products 3. Terminology 3.1 Suede refers to the surface of the fabric with various piles, such as brushed, napped, tufted, flocked or similar surfaces . 3.2 Flammability The ability of a material or product to carry out flaming combustion under specified test conditions. 3.3 Flame spread rate The distance of flame spread per unit time under the specified test conditions. 4. Principle Under specified conditions, place the sample diagonally at a 45° angle, ignite the sample ls, and burn the sample upward for a certain distance as a measure of the severity of burning of the textile. For fabrics with raised surface, the ignition or melting of the base fabric is used as an additional indicator of the severity of combustion, but it needs to be noted. 5. Equipment and materials 5.1 The instrument consists of a ventilated box, which is equipped with an ignition device, a sample holder and a sample holder (see Figure 2), and an automatic timer. 5.1.1 The inclination of the sample holder is 45°, and its relative position to the front of the flame can be adjusted according to the thickness of the sample. 5.1.2 Gas burner, made of 4 1/2 gauge syringe needle. 5.1.3 The timer can count automatically and is accurate to 0.1s. 5.2 The brushing device is used for sample preparation of piled or tufted fabrics. It is composed of a suitable sliding frame for placing the sample holder and a nylon brush with a load vertically installed on the surface of the sample. Four wheels are installed under the sliding frame, which can move in the forward and backward direction of the sample, and its moving distance slightly exceeds the exposed length of the sample. And equipped with guide rails for sliding wheels. 5.2.1 The diameter of the brush consists of two rows of o. It is composed of 41 mm nylon bristles, each with 20 bristles, each 25mm has 4 tufts, and the two rows of tufts are staggered. The tufts are flat and 19mm in length. 5.2.2 The brush is mounted on a frame, and it exerts a pressure of 150g downward on the sample. 5.3 Constant temperature oven. 5.4 Dryer The inner diameter is 250mm. 5.5 Marking thread Mercerized cotton sewing thread (12tex×3). 5.6 Butane (chemically pure). 6. Sample preparation 6.1 The size and quantity of the sample The size of the sample is 150mm×50mm, and the number of samples is generally 5 pieces. Or it may vary depending on its flammability and fabric finishing, but it should be a multiple of 5. 6.2 The location and direction of sampling For samples with unknown flammability and textile samples with patterns such as piles or tufts of different heights or densities, the test shall be determined according to the part with the fastest flame spread during the pre-test. Sample test surface and its direction. 6.2.1 The sample selected from the garment should include all layers of the same part of the garment. Usually the outer fabric of the garment should be tested. However, if the flame spread rate of the lining fabric is the fastest in the pre-test, the lining fabric should be tested. 6.2.2 In order to determine the cutting direction of the sample and the test surface with the fastest flame spread rate, the pre-test should be carried out according to the following operating procedure, that is, the sample should be tested on both sides and in various directions, such as longitudinal And transverse direction; while on the pile surface, any distinguishable pile direction, namely; forward and reverse direction are tested, generally the long side of pile surface sample should be parallel to the pile direction, and the flame burning rate is along The fastest when the pile is reversed; 6.3 Sample cutting, loading and marking 6.3.1 Each sample is 150mm×50mm, and the length of the sample should be the fastest burning direction in the pre-test. Make a mark at the end of each sample, and the mark should be in the direction that has been confirmed to be the fastest spread of flame. 6.3.2 During the test, each sample should be clamped with a sample holder, and the marked end should be placed in the upper position. 6.4 After the sample with the brushed bristles is put into the sample holder, put the brushed surface on the sliding frame of the brush device (see Figure 4), lift up the brush, push the sliding frame to the end, and lower the brush. To the flat surface of the sample holder, then pull the sliding frame under the brush forward at a uniform speed by hand to make the brush go backwards once on the suede surface. Place the sample holder with the sample flat in an oven at 105±3°C for 30 minutes, then take it out, place it in a desiccator, and cool for no less than 30 minutes. 7. Adjustment of the flammability tester 7.1 General room temperature conditions can be used, but the test must be carried out under no wind conditions. 7.2 Place the sample holder with the sample loaded on the sample holder, and adjust the sample holder so that the distance between the tip of the burner and the surface of the sample is 8mm. 7.3 Open the fuel supply control valve and drain for about 5 minutes to allow air to be discharged from the combustion pipeline, and then light the burner to adjust the flame from the visible top to the opening of the gas nozzle. The flame height is 16mm. 7.4 The distance measured from the midpoint of the flame sprayed sample surface to the marking line is 127mm. 8. Operation Procedure 8.1 Take out a sample holder with a sample loaded from the desiccator, place it on the sample holder in the tester, pass the marking line through the guide wire hook of the plate of the sample holder, and then place it on the sample holder in the tester. Hang a heavy hammer on the marking line just below the guide wire ring to tighten it. 8.2 Close the door of the test chamber. Set the timer to zero, press the start button, the timer starts to count the time, and the flame is in contact with the surface of the sample for 1 second. When the flame reaches the mark line hanging on the upper part of the sample, the heavy hammer falls due to the line being burned, the timer stops timing, and the burning time shown by the chronograph is accurately recorded. The time between removing the sample from the desiccator and igniting the sample shall not exceed 45s. 8.3 During the test, attention should be paid to observe the burning condition of the sample.
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