Understanding of new fiber fabrics

With the development of science and technology, the materials of our clothes are becoming more and more technological, from the original hemp, cotton, silk to nylon chemical fiber, and recently more high-tech fiber fabrics have also appeared. Let's take a look at the latest scientific and technological achievements. Bar! (1) Antibacterial fabrics Most of the microorganisms belonging to the protist are harmless to human beings, but a limited number of harmful bacteria are always a threat to human beings. Antibacterial is always an important task for people to beautify their lives and protect their health. Generally speaking, antibacterial includes bacteriostasis, killing, eliminating toxins secreted by bacteria, and prevention. There are various physical and chemical methods for making antimicrobial fabrics. They are: 1. Chemical modification technology Using chemical modification technology, the antibacterial groups are grafted to the reactive groups on the surface of the fibers, and the obtained fibers can be blended with ordinary fibers to make antibacterial fabrics. 2. Physical modification technology Use physical modification to make the antibacterial agent immersed in the deeper parts of the fiber surface, such as adding the antibacterial agent to the spinning oil, and cooling it with the drawing, thereby making the antibacterial fabric. 3. Composite spinning technology For core-sheath fibers, antibacterial agents can only be added to the sheath layer, which not only saves raw materials, but also helps to maintain the basic properties of the fibers. For the side-by-side composite fiber, the part incorporating the antibacterial agent can be used as a part of the side-by-side. 4. Direct spinning technology The main method of developing antibacterial fibers is to add antibacterial agents into the spinning solution to spin fibers. The use of inorganic antibacterial agents mostly adopts melt spinning, and the antibacterial agents should be made into fine powder particles. The use of organic antibacterial agents is mostly solution spinning, which also needs to be mixed evenly. In recent years, antibacterial nanoparticles have been added to chemical fiber products and textiles to make them have good antibacterial and deodorant functions, and have achieved great success. Since organic antibacterial agents have certain side effects, inorganic antibacterial agents are widely used at present. Mainly include nano-scale silver antibacterial agents, nano-scale zinc oxide, qin dioxide and so on. Two methods are commonly used to add these inorganic antibacterial agents to textiles. One is the post-finishing method: the nano antibacterial agent is formulated into an appropriate finishing solution, and the fabric is post-finished so that the antibacterial agent is compounded on the fabric to achieve the purpose of antibacterial and deodorizing. This method is suitable for natural fiber fabrics. The disadvantage is that as the number of washings increases, the antibacterial effect gradually weakens. The second is spinning antibacterial chemical fibers: adding nano antibacterial agents to the spinning solution, spinning antibacterial chemical fibers, and making antibacterial fabrics. The antibacterial effect of the fabric produced by this method is lasting, but the spinning requirements are relatively high. In addition, my country has done a lot of research on the antibacterial and deodorant properties of Chinese herbal medicine, and achieved great results. Antibacterial fabrics can be used to make underwear, outerwear, socks, gloves, medical worker clothing, medical bedding, etc. In addition, it also has a wide range of uses in other industries. (2) Anti-ultraviolet fabric The ultraviolet part of solar radiation waves is both beneficial and harmful to human beings. Appropriate ultraviolet irradiation is beneficial to human health, and at the same time, ultraviolet rays also have the effect of sterilization and disinfection. However, excessive ultraviolet radiation can cause erythema, dermatitis, and pigmentation of human skin, accelerate human aging, and even cause cancer. Ultraviolet UV is the wavelength of 0.01 to 0.40 in the electromagnetic spectrumμThe general term for the spokes of m, of which 0.32 to 0.40μm is called UVA, 0.28 to 0.32μm is called UVB, 0.01-0.28Eμm is called UVC. UVC is basically absorbed by the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere and has little effect on humans. The main effect on humans is the combined effect of UVA and UVB. Anti-ultraviolet fabrics refer to fabrics that have strong ability to absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays. The preparation and processing principle is usually to add substances that can shield or absorb ultraviolet rays to fibers or fabrics to improve the ability of fibers or fabrics to absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays. Substances that reflect ultraviolet rays are called ultraviolet shielding agents; substances that have a strong absorption effect on ultraviolet rays and can convert energy to reduce the amount of transmission are called ultraviolet absorbers. Anti-ultraviolet fabrics are made of ultraviolet shielding agents, usually some nano-scale ultra-fine powders of metal oxides are used, such as alumina, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, kaolin, etc. Because the size of the powder is equivalent to the wavelength of the light wave, the specific surface area is large, and the surface The energy is high, so it has a good function of shielding ultraviolet rays. First, these ultra-fine powders can be added to the chemical fiber spinning solution for blending and spinning, which enhances the reflection and scattering of these chemical fibers to ultraviolet rays, prevents and reduces the penetration of ultraviolet rays through the fiber material, so as to make anti-ultraviolet fabrics. Second, these ultra-fine powders can be formulated into a treatment solution, and the powders can be compounded with the fabrics by the post-finishing method, thereby producing UV-resistant fabrics. Anti-ultraviolet fabrics are made from ultraviolet absorbers, and some organic compounds are usually used, such as salicylic acid ester compounds, metal ion chelates, benzophenones and benzotriles, etc. First, they can be spun with chemical fibers. Liquid blending to obtain anti-ultraviolet fibers, thereby preparing anti-ultraviolet fabrics. The second is to use the post-finishing method to compound it with the fabric to obtain an anti-ultraviolet fabric. UV resistant fabrics are very versatile and can be used to make all kinds of clothing, especially summer clothing. It can also make parasols, sun hats, tourist tents, etc.
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