Development of Light and Thin Antibacterial and Flame Retardant Fabrics

1 Background of research and development With the continuous development of science and technology, various sudden natural disasters and accidents have brought immeasurable losses to personal safety and property in recent years, making people's requirements for safety protection textiles higher and higher. The development of safety protection textiles presents a new era of characteristics, which are embodied in higher technological content, wider application fields, better wearing comfort, and integration of various protective functions [1]. Because the human body sweats a lot, the traditional flame retardant fabric clothing is easy to produce odor and breed bacteria during use. To this end, we try to develop light and thin antibacterial and flame retardant safety protective fabrics, which not only reflect the safety protection function, but also eliminate the odor of clothing, prevent the breeding of bacteria, and ensure the comfort and health of safety protective clothing when wearing it. There are two main ways to realize the antibacterial and flame retardant function of fabrics. One is after finishing, which has the advantages of short process flow, many types of functional additives and wide application range. Extensive use will pollute the environment; the other is to start with the fiber material itself, and develop functional fabrics by using fibers with antibacterial and flame retardant functions, but there are not many such studies [2]. Qu Caixin et al. developed children's clothing fabrics with flame retardant function by using polysulfone/viscose, mulberry/polyester and polyester low elastic yarn [3]; Zhang Shengzhong et al. sulfone fibers were blended to develop functional protective fabrics [4]; Du Yantao blended aramid and chitosan, and the developed fabrics were washed many times, and their antibacterial rate was still high, and the flame retardant effect was also good[4] 5]. In general, the current development of antibacterial and flame retardant fabrics generally has problems such as high cost, unstable antibacterial and flame retardant functions, and inability to wash, and the application field needs to be expanded. By testing the flame retardant properties of several groups of fiber blend samples, we obtained the best blended yarn fiber blend ratio, and developed several low-cost, long-lasting, light and thin antibacterial and flame retardant protective fabrics. The specific development process is described as follows . 2 Flame retardant test of fiber blend samples 2.1 Test materials, instruments and test standards×38 mm. The test instrument is YSZ-I automatic limiting oxygen index tester. The reference standard is GB/T 5454—1997 'Textile combustion performance test oxygen index method'. 2.2 Test scheme and result analysis refer to GB/T 5454—1997 'Textile Combustion Performance Test - Oxygen Index Method', the fiber raw materials are manually carded, mixed, twisted, etc. to make braided fiber bundles. The prepared fiber blend sample was clamped on the sample holder, ignited from the top of the fiber bundle, and the flame retardant performance of the pre-mixed fiber sample was measured by YSZ-I automatic limiting oxygen index tester. When the LOI of the fiber blend sample was greater than 28% When it is considered that its flame retardant performance is good [6]. Two groups were designed in the experiment, the group A using antibacterial polyester and the group B using antibacterial viscose. In order to ensure the antibacterial performance of the fabric and the thermal stability of the fabric, the proportion of antibacterial polyester in group A and antibacterial viscose in group B are both 25%; the proportion of aramid 1414 in both groups is 5%. The content of flame retardant viscose is 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and the corresponding acrylic content is 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20 %, 10%, the LOI test results of the samples in group A were 26.4%, 28.1%, 30.2%, 30.8%, 30.6%, 30.8%, and 30.8%. It can be seen from the above test results that for group A, when the content of acrylic vinyl chloride is 70%, the LOI of the sample is only 26.4%, which is caused by the high content of acrylic vinyl chloride; the flame retardant mechanism of acrylic vinyl fiber is in the combustion process. By releasing free radicals and blocking the combustion chain, the flame retardant effect is achieved; when the content of acrylic polyvinyl chloride is too high, the carbon layer formed by the combustion residue of the sample is fluffy, resulting in a decrease in flame retardant performance [7]. When the content of flame retardant viscose is 30%, the LOI of the sample is the highest, reaching 30.8%; at this time, there is a positive synergistic effect between various flame retardant fibers; when the antibacterial polyester is burned, the molten material falls off and can take away part of the heat ; Due to the existence of condensed phase flame retardant fiber flame retardant viscose, the fiber shrinks and deforms when it is burned, and the fiber carbon residues in different positions are bonded together to form a complex network of cross-linked carbon residues. At the same time, the thermal shrinkage and softening properties of flame retardant viscose improve the“wick”effect, further improving the densification of carbon residues. When the content of flame retardant viscose continued to increase, the density of the combustion residue did not change, so the LOI of the fiber blend tended to be stable.
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