Gester Instruments | Professional Textile, Footwear and PPE Testing Equipments Manufacturers Since 1997
Judgment method and test method of leather abrasion resistance
Judgment method There are two methods for judging the leather wear resistance index, namely the end point method and the appearance change method. 1. End point method: The number of rotations required to grind off l mm leather is the thickness index of wear resistance, and the number of friction rotations is recorded as the index of wear resistance. 2. Appearance change method: After the test sample has been rubbed a certain number of times, observe its appearance change, such as color change, degree of wear and other appearance changes as an indicator of wear resistance. New conventional test methods for leather abrasion resistance: 1. Flat grinding method (1) Reference standard: 'GB/T 21196-2007 Martindale method of fabric abrasion resistance determination'. (2) Test equipment: There are many types of fabric flat grinding machines. At present, the Martindan tester is the most used in the testing industry. Therefore, the flat grinding method is often referred to as the MARTINDALE friction testing machine method. (3) Test principle: The circular sample installed in the sample holder of the Martindale Abrasion Tester is carried out with the plane motion of the Lissajous figure and the abrasive (ie standard fabric) under a specified load. Friction, the sample holder can rotate freely around its axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Determine the wear resistance of the leather according to the total number of times of friction of the sample damage. (4) Test method: During the test, the test sample of a certain size is in contact with the standard abrasive under the specified pressure, and the sample is moved relative to the abrasive in the Li Sharu track, so that the test sample is uniformly worn in multiple directions. 2. Taber Abrasion Method (1) Reference Standard: 'GB/T 2726-2005 Determination of Abrasion Resistance in Physical and Mechanical Tests of Leather'. (2) Test instrument: TABER wear resistance tester (3) Test principle: pre-grind 25 revolutions, put the tested sample on the level platform of TABER wear tester and rotate, and the two grinding wheels are given specific pressure Pressing on the test piece is optional, the axis of the grinding wheel is parallel to the horizontal plane, one grinding wheel is facing outwards, and the other is facing inward. In a certain period of time, all changes of the test piece are recorded. (4) Test method: Use a cutter to cut a sample with an outer diameter of 108mm and an inner diameter of 8mm. Then stick a hard sticker of the same size on the back of the sample. Place the center hole of the sample on the rubber pad of the screw, cover the pad, and fix the sample with a compression nut. Then put on the fixing ring, and tighten the fixing ring screws with a wrench. Install two H18 grinding wheels on the support arm. Each grinding wheel exerts a force of 250±10g on the sample to be tested. Make sure that the side with the label is facing outwards so that the weight of the grinding wheel is 500g. Connect the vacuum cleaner to the vacuum cleaner. Connect the tube to the connector on the left side of the machine and start the vacuum cleaner. Set the number of tests according to the standard, and set the rotation speed to 72 revolutions. Then start the start button, turn on the instrument with a rotation speed of 60±5 times/min, rotate it horizontally, and perform the test as required. In the test, use a brush to remove the attachments on the sample surface, observe the wear of the test, grind the leather to the specified end point, and record the final number of revolutions. 3. STROLL abrasion resistance method: According to ASTM D 3886-1999 'Standard testmethod for abrasion resistance of textile fabrics (inflated diaphragm apparatus)Above, rub the sample with sandpaper with specified surface characteristics. After the specified number of rubbings, the degree of wear of the sample is evaluated by appearance. Operation steps: Place the sample on the rubber film in a flat state, then place the sandpaper on the abrasive plate, and make the contact head connected with the sandpaper flush with the surface of the sandpaper. Then apply 28 kPa air pressure below the diaphragm and 454 g pressure above the abrasive plate, and ensure that the air pressure control and the contact between the inflated sample and the loaded sandpaper are in a stable and balanced state. Start the instrument and test according to the number of revolutions set by the counter. After the test, remove the sample, check and record the wear condition of the sample, and use the gray sample card to evaluate the color change in the test area according to GB/T 250-2008 'Textile color fastness test-gray sample card for evaluating discoloration'. It is not meaningful to compare the test results obtained by testing different materials and using the same experimental method, but the conclusions drawn from these results are consistent. Therefore, any method can independently quantify the wear resistance of the material. In general, the material of natural leather is softer, so its wear resistance is poor. Coated leather has a hard texture and is not easy to wear, so it has better wear resistance.
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1. ISO 5402-1: Specifies the flexometer method for testing leather flex resistance under repeated bending.
2. ISO 17694: Defines test methods for footwear upper and lining flex resistance, simulating real-world bending stress to assess long-term durability.
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Ball Burst Method (ASTM D3787): Steel ball penetration for textiles/films using testers like GT-C02-2.
Hydraulic Method (ISO 13938.1): Fluid pressure on rubber diaphragm for industrial fabrics via GT-C12A.
Pneumatic Method (ISO 13938.2): Compressed air for breathable materials tested with GT-C12B.
Results are influenced by raw materials, yarn properties,
The Heat Contact Machine GT-C101 is a specialized testing instrument designed for evaluating the heat resistance and thermal protective performance of gloves, protective clothing, and other heat-resistant materials used in high-temperature environments. In industries such as smelting, casting, welding, and glass manufacturing, workers are frequently exposed to intense heat, making accurate testing of contact heat resistance essential for ensuring safety and compliance.
GT-C101 simulates real working conditions by measuring heat transfer delay and thermal transmission under instant contact with high-temperature surfaces. Fully compliant with EN 407, EN 702, and ISO 12127-1 standards, this machine provides precise, repeatable data for manufacturers, laboratories, and research institutions. With high-temperature capability up to 500°C, advanced calorimetry, digital monitoring, and adjustable contact speed, the Heat Contact Machine GT-C101 is an indispensable tool for developing and certifying next-generation PPE and heat-insulation materials.
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