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Reflections on the test standard for filtration efficiency of protective masks
With the rapid development of metallurgy, electric power, energy, chemistry, steel, textile printing and dyeing and other industries, a large number of toxic and harmful substances are discharged, and a large amount of exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere during the operation of various vehicles. Large-scale pollution of the air environment. In recent years, my country has encountered extremely serious haze infestation, which is unprecedented in its high frequency, wide coverage and serious pollution. In this context, my country's protective masks, especially PM2. 5. Protective masks have received extensive attention from the public, and their market is in a period of rapid growth. However, due to incomplete relevant standards, the quality of such products is uneven, and the protective effect of some products is not satisfactory, and may even damage the health of consumers. At present, the domestic standards related to protective masks mainly include GB2626.—2006 'Respiratory protective equipment Self-priming filter type anti-particulate respirator' [1], GB 19083—2010 'Technical Requirements for Medical Protective Masks', YY 0469—2011 'Medical Surgical Masks', YY/T0969—2013 'Disposable Medical Masks', TAJ 1001—2015 'PM2. 5 Protective masks' [2] and GB/T 32610—2016 'Technical Specifications for Daily Protective Masks', etc. Among them, some of the test standards are mainly for medical masks and other products, and the commercially available civilian protective masks are mainly in accordance with GB 2626.—2006 'Respiratory protective equipment self-priming filter anti-particulate respirator' was tested. Group Standard TAJ 1001—2015 'PM2. 5 'Protective Masks' and the national recommended standard GB/T 32610—The 2016 'Technical Specifications for Daily Protective Masks' was released to effectively protect and evaluate the performance of civilian protective masks. 1 Classification and use of masks 1.1 Masks such as ordinary paper masks are disposable products, which can only block large particles and have limited ability to isolate germs and viruses. They can be used in electronic manufacturing, dust-free workshops, food processing, schools. Use in other occasions. 1.2 Respirators such as dust masks can only filter particles with larger particle sizes, and are more suitable for cleaning and other related work. 1.3 Surgical masks Surgical masks are mainly composed of 3 layers of non-woven fabrics, which can block more than 90% of the particle size. 000μm particles, which need to be replaced in time every day, mainly suitable for people with respiratory diseases or in non-ventilated places such as hospitals and cinemas. 1.4 Activated carbon masks These masks are often used to absorb toxic and harmful chemical substances or dust, usually do not have sterilization function, and are mainly suitable for use when spraying paint or pesticides. 1.5 N95 masks This type of masks meets the requirements of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95, and the diameter of the particles that can be blocked can be as small as 0.5%. 300μm. These masks usually have higher breathing resistance and can be worn by people for a short period of time when the haze is severe. 2. Filtration efficiency test conditions of relevant standards at home and abroad. At present, the test standards of foreign protective masks mainly include the US NIOSH 42 CFR-84 'Respiratory Protective Devices' [3], the European Union BS EN149: 2001 'Respiratory Protective Devices Particle Protection Filtering Half-mask Requirements' , Testing and Labeling' [4] and Australian AS / NZS 1716:2003 'Respiratory Protective Devices' [5] and so on. In addition, Japan promulgated Decree No. 0207006 in 2005, which also stipulated the test conditions for dust masks. Table 1 lists the mask classification and filtration efficiency test conditions in the United States and the European Union. As can be seen from Table 1, the United States divides the filter elements of the protective device into three categories for the types of protective objects, namely N, R and P series. Among them, the N series is suitable for protection against non-oily particles, while the R and P series can be used for protection against oily or non-oily particles. Filter elements are not classified in the European Union. When considering the filtration efficiency of filter elements, the United States and the European Union carry out grading evaluation according to different pretreatment conditions and test conditions. Similar to the American standard, the Japanese standard is also for filter elements, classified according to filtering non-oily particles (RS series) and filtering oily and non-oily particles (RL series), the filtration efficiency of RS1 / RL1≥80. 00% , the filtration efficiency of RS2 / RL2≥95． 00% , the filtration efficiency of RS3 /RL3≥99． 90%. The Australian standard directly divides the filter element into 3 grades P1, P2 and P3, the filtration efficiency of P1≥80. 00%, the filtration efficiency of P2≥94． 00%, the filtration efficiency of P3≥99． 95%. A series of standards have also been issued for protective masks in China, and with the development of mask materials and changes in social needs, relevant standards are continuously updated and improved. At present, for the filtration efficiency test of protective masks, the main reference is GB 2626.—2006 'Respiratory protective equipment Self-priming filter anti-particulate respirator'. Compared with the alternative standard, the standard has been greatly improved in terms of particle detection, technical requirements and test methods, and the classification of test objects is also more specific and effective.
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